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Jordan’s capital  is a hilly, handsome city, a bustling
commercial and  administrative metropolis. The first
written  records  of   Amman  refer  to  the  city  as 
RABBATH AMMON,  the  capital  of  the  ammonites 
around  1200 BC.  During  the  Hellenistic  period,  it 
was  Rebuilt by Blolemy Philadelphus (283-246 BC)
who  renamed  it  Philadelphia  after  himself. When 
King Herod, conquered the city in 30 BC, it  became
part of the Roman Empire.The city began to prosper
as  one  of  the  ten  cities  of  The Decapolis, and it
was  extensively  rebuilt.   It  continued  to  flourish 
throughout  the  Byzantine  and  Umayyad  periods. 
Its  decline  set-in  after  the  Abbasids transferred 
their  capital  from  Damascus  to Baghdad.  By the
15th century AD the city was abandoned and was
in  ruins.  It  was  only  after  Prince Abdullah made 
Amman  his capital in 1921  that it once again grew
in size and prosperity. 

The most  imposing  monument  from Roman  Philadelphia is the Theater built in 170 AD.  It once seated 6.000 people.  Within the property of  the theater lay  the Jordan  museum  of popular  tradition and the Jordan folklore  museum. 
The ancient Citadel is the site of the earliest fortifications  which have revealed Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic remains. There are three important structures:

- Temple of Hercules built in the reign of the emperor Marcus Aurelius (161-180AD)
- Byzantine Church which was built in the 6th or 7th century AD.
- Umayyad Palace dates back to 720AD.

Also on the Citadel hill is the Jordan archaeological museum, which holds an excellent collection of the antiquities of Jordan dating from  prehistoric times to the 15th century AD. 

Al-Husseini  Mosque built  by King Abdullah  and restored by his grandson King Hussein.  The Mosque was originally built by Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, the second Caliph of Islam in 640 AD.